Microbiome and Gut Dysbiosis
Microbiome and Gut Dysbiosis Exp Suppl. 2018;109:459-476. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-74932-7_13. Belizário JE 1, Faintuch J 2. Author information 1 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. jebeliza@usp.br. 2 Department of Gastroenterology of Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Abstract The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the residence of trillions of microorganisms that include bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. The collective genomes of whole microbial communities (microbiota) integrate the gut microbiome. Up to 100 genera and 1000 distinct bacterial species were identified in digestive tube niches. Gut microbiomes exert permanent pivotal functions by promoting food digestion, xenobiotic metabolism and regulation of innate and adaptive immunological processes. Proteins, peptides and metabolites released locally and at distant sites trigger many cell signalling and pathways. T
